I-1,3-Dichlorobenzene iwuketshezi olungenambala olunephunga elimnandi.Ayincibiliki emanzini, ayincibiliki otshwaleni ne-ether.Inobuthi emzimbeni womuntu, ecasulayo emehlweni nasesikhumbeni.Iyakwazi ukuvutha futhi ingabhekana ne-chlorination, i-nitration, i-sulfonation, kanye nokusabela kwe-hydrolysis.Isabela ngobudlova ne-aluminium futhi isetshenziswa ku-organic synthesis.

1. Izici: uketshezi olungenambala olunephunga elimnandi.
2. Iphuzu elincibilikayo (℃): -24.8
3. Iphuzu elibilayo (℃): 173
4. Ukuminyana okuhlobene (amanzi = 1): 1.29
5. Ukuminyana komhwamuko okuhlobene (umoya=1): 5.08
6. Umfutho womhwamuko ogcwele (kPa): 0.13 (12.1℃)
7. Ukushisa komlilo (kJ/mol): -2952.9
8. Izinga lokushisa elibalulekile (℃): 415.3
9. Ingcindezi ebucayi (MPa): 4.86
10. I-Octanol/i-partition coefficient yamanzi: 3.53
11. Iphoyinti elikhanyayo (℃): 72
12. Izinga lokushisa lomlilo (℃): 647
13. Umkhawulo wokuqhuma okuphezulu (%): 7.8
14. Umkhawulo wokuqhuma ophansi (%): 1.8
15. Ukuncibilika: akuncibiliki emanzini, kuncibilika ku-ethanol ne-ether, futhi kuncibilika kalula ku-acetone.
16. I-Viscosity (mPa·s, 23.3ºC): 1.0450
17. Indawo yokuthungela (ºC): 648
18. Ukushisa kokuhwamuka (KJ/mol, bp): 38.64
19. Ukushisa kokwakheka (KJ/mol, 25ºC, uketshezi): 20.47
20. Ukushisa komlilo (KJ/mol, 25ºC, uketshezi): 2957.72
21. Umthamo wokushisa othize (KJ/(kg·K), 0ºC, uketshezi): 1.13
22. Ukunyibilika (%, amanzi, 20ºC): 0.0111
23. Ukuminyana okuhlobene (25℃, 4℃): 1.2828
24. Inkomba yokushisa evamile ye-refractive (n25): 1.5434
25. Ipharamitha yokuncibilika (J·cm-3) 0.5: 19.574
26. Indawo yase-Van der Waals (cm2·mol-1): 8.220×109
27. Van der Waals ivolumu (cm3 · mol-1): 87.300
28. Izinga lesigaba soketshezi lifuna ukushisa (enthalpy) (kJ·mol-1): -20.7
29. Isigaba soketshezi ukuncibilika okushisayo okujwayelekile (J·mol-1·K-1): 170.9
30. Izinga lesigaba segesi lifuna ukushisa (enthalpy) (kJ·mol-1): 25.7
31. I-entropy evamile yesigaba segesi (J·mol-1·K-1): 343.64
32. Amandla ajwayelekile amahhala okwakheka esigabeni segesi (kJ·mol-1): 78.0
33. Ukuncibilika okushisayo okujwayelekile kwesigaba segesi (J·mol-1·K-1): 113.90

Indlela yokugcina
Izindlela zokuphepha zokugcina [Gcina endaweni epholile, nengena umoya.Gcina kude nomlilo nemithombo yokushisa.Gcina isitsha sivalwe ngokuqinile.Kufanele igcinwe ngokuhlukana nama-oxidants, i-aluminium, namakhemikhali adliwayo, futhi igweme ukugcinwa okuxubile.Ifakwe izinhlobonhlobo ezifanele kanye nenani lamathuluzi omlilo.Indawo yokugcina impahla kufanele ifakwe izinto zokwelashwa eziphuthumayo ezivuzayo kanye nezinto ezifanele zokugcina.

Xazulula isixazululo:

Izindlela zokulungiselela zimi kanje.Ukusebenzisa i-chlorobenzene njengento eluhlaza ukuze kuqhutshekwe ne-chlorination, kutholakala i-p-dichlorobenzene, i-o-dichlorobenzene kanye ne-m-dichlorobenzene.Indlela yokuhlukanisa evamile isebenzisa i-dichlorobenzene exubile ukuze kuphuzwe uketshezi oluqhubekayo.I-para- kanye ne-meta-dichlorobenzene i-distilled kusukela phezulu kombhoshongo, i-p-dichlorobenzene inethwa ukuqandisa nokucwebezela, bese uphuzo olungumama luyalungiswa ukuze kutholwe i-meta-dichlorobenzene.I-o-dichlorobenzene i-flash distilled kumbhoshongo we-flash ukuze ithole i-o-dichlorobenzene.Njengamanje, i-dichlorobenzene exubile isebenzisa indlela yokukhanga nokuhlukanisa, isebenzisa isisefo samangqamuzana njenge-adsorbent, futhi isigaba segesi esixutshwe i-dichlorobenzene singena embhoshongweni we-adsorption, ongakhetha ngokukhetha i-p-dichlorobenzene, futhi uketshezi olusele luyi-meta ne-ortho dichlorobenzene.Ukulungiswa kabusha ukuze kutholwe i-m-dichlorobenzene ne-o-dichlorobenzene.Izinga lokushisa le-adsorption liyi-180-200 ° C, futhi ingcindezi ye-adsorption ingcindezi evamile.

1. Indlela ye-Meta-phenylenediamine diazotization: I-Meta-phenylenediamine yenziwa i-diazotized phambi kwe-sodium nitrite ne-sulfuric acid, izinga lokushisa le-diazotization lingu-0～5℃, futhi uketshezi lwe-diazonium lu-hydrolyzed phambi kwe-cupurous chloride ukuze kukhiqizwe ukuhlangana.I-Dichlorobenzene.

2. Indlela ye-Meta-chloroaniline: Kusetshenziswa i-meta-chloroaniline njengento eluhlaza, i-diazotization yenziwa phambi kwe-sodium nitrite ne-hydrochloric acid, futhi uketshezi lwe-diazonium lufakwa nge-hydrolyzed phambi kwe-cuprous chloride ukuze kukhiqizwe i-meta-dichlorobenzene.

Phakathi kwalezi zindlela zokulungiselela ezimbalwa ezingenhla, indlela efaneleke kakhulu yokwenza izimboni kanye nezindleko eziphansi yindlela yokuhlukanisa i-adsorption ye-dichlorobenzene exubile.Sekuvele kunezindawo zokukhiqiza eChina ezizokhiqizwa.

Inhloso eyinhloko:

1. Isetshenziswa ku-organic synthesis.Ukusabela kwe-Friedel-Crafts phakathi kwe-m-dichlorobenzene ne-chloroacetyl chloride kukhiqiza i-2,4,ω-trichloroacetophenone, esetshenziswa njengendawo emaphakathi yomuthi we-antifungal obanzi we-miconazole.Ukusabela kwe-chlorination kwenziwa phambi kwe-ferric chloride noma i-aluminium mercury, ikakhulukazi ikhiqiza i-1,2,4-trichlorobenzene.Lapho kukhona i-catalyst, i-hydrolyzed ku-550-850°C ukuze ikhiqize i-m-chlorophenol ne-resorcinol.Isebenzisa i-copper oxide njenge-catalyst, isabela nge-ammonia egxilile ku-150-200°C ngaphansi kwengcindezi yokwenza i-m-phenylenediamine.
2. Isetshenziswa ekwenzeni udayi, i-organic synthesis intermediates kanye nezincibilikisi.

Idatha ye-Toxicological:

1. Ubuthi obuyingozi: igundane intraperitoneal LD50: 1062mg/kg, ayikho imininingwane ngaphandle komthamo obulalayo;

2. Idatha yobuthi yemithamo eminingi: i-TDLo yomlomo wegundane: 1470 mg/kg/10D-I, ukushintsha kwesisindo sesibindi, ingqikithi ye-metabolic metabolism, ukuvinjelwa kwe-calcium-enzyme, izinguquko ezidalwe noma izinguquko egazini noma amazinga ezicubu-phosphatase;

I-TDLo yomlomo wegundane: 3330mg/kg/90D-I, izinguquko ze-endocrine, izinguquko ezingxenyeni ze-serum yegazi (njengetiye polyphenols, bilirubin, cholesterol), ukuvimbela i-biochemical-enzyme, ukunxenxa noma ukushintsha amazinga egazi noma izicubu-dehydrogenation Ushintsho lwe-enzyme

3. Idatha ye-Mutagenicity: ukuguqulwa kofuzo kanye ne-mitosis recombination systemTEST: Yeast-Saccharomyces cerevisiae: 5ppm;

I-Micronucleus test IntraperitonealTEST uhlelo: igundane-igundane: 175mg/kg/24H.

4. Ubuthi bungaphansi kancane kunobu-o-dichlorobenzene, futhi bungamuncwa ngesikhumba kanye nolwelwesi lwamafinyila.Kungabangela ukulimala kwesibindi nezinso.I-olfactory threshold concentration yi-0.2mg/L (ikhwalithi yamanzi).

5. Ubuthi obunamandla LD50: 1062mg/kg (igundane lifakwa emithanjeni);1062mg/kg (umgodi wesisu wegundane)

6. Okucasulayo Akukho lwazi

7. Ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo ze-Mutagenic kanye nokuhlanganiswa kabusha kwe-mitotic: Saccharomyces cerevisiae 5ppm.Ukuhlolwa kwe-Micronucleus: ukuphathwa kwe-intraperitoneal ye-175mg/kg (24h) kumagundane

8. Ukubuyekezwa komdlavuza we-IARC we-Carcinogenicity: Iqembu lesi-3, ubufakazi obukhona abukwazi ukuhlukanisa umdlavuza womuntu.