Dichloroacetic acid, also known as dichloroacetic acid, is a colorless liquid with a pungent odor. Its relative molecular mass is 128.94, and its relative density is 1.5634. Dichloroacetic acid has two crystalline forms with melting points of 9.7℃ and -4℃, respectively. Its boiling point is 194℃, Chemicalbook 102℃ (2.666×10³ Pa), and 91–92℃ (1.600×10³ Pa). Its refractive index is 1.4659. It is soluble in water (8.63% at 20℃), ethanol, methanol, diethyl ether, acetone, chloroform, and benzene.

Dichloroacetic acid is a stronger acid than chloroacetic acid, with a dissociation constant K = 5 × 10⁻². Its chemical properties are similar to chloroacetic acid. The two chlorine atoms in the dichloroacetic acid molecule can be substituted. It reacts with phenol to form diphenoxyacetic acid (Chemicaloacetic acid); and with hydroxylamine to form isonitroacetic acid, etc. It can also undergo esterification reactions, reacting with ethanol to give ethyl dichloroacetate. Dichloroacetic acid is flammable and corrosive; its vapor is a strong irritant to skin and eyes.

Uses: Used as an intermediate in pesticides and pharmaceuticals.

Production Methods: 1. Acetic Acid Chlorination Mother Liquor Recovery Method: Chlorination of acetic acid yields chloroacetic acid mother liquor. This mother liquor undergoes chlorination under sulfur catalysis, followed by distillation to obtain dichloroacetic acid. 2. Trichloroacetaldehyde Method: Trichloroacetaldehyde is obtained through cyanidation, dehydrochlorination, and hydrolysis. 3. Acetic Acid Method: Acetic acid is obtained through chlorination under iodine catalysis.

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