Properties of Formamide

CAS No. 75-12-7,

molecular formula CH3NO,

molecular weight 45.04,

EINECS No. 200-842-0

Melting point: 2–3°C (36–37°F; 275–276 K);

boiling point: 210°C (410°F; 483 K);

density: 1.133 g/cm³;

vapor density: 1.55 (vs. air);

vapor pressure: 0.08 mmHg (20°C);

refractive index: 1.45; flash point: 154°C (309°F; 427 K) (closed cup);

storage conditions: store at +2°C to +25°C;

solubility: H₂O: 10 M, 20°C, clear, colorless;

physical form: oily liquid.

Formamide is an amide derived from formic acid, with the chemical formula HCONH₂. It is a colorless, water-miscible liquid that possesses an odor similar to that of ammonia. It is primarily used in the production of sulfa drugs, the synthesis of vitamins, and as a softening agent for paper and fibers. Pure formamide is capable of dissolving many ionic compounds that are otherwise insoluble in water; consequently, it is also employed as a solvent.

Formamide is used as a softening agent and solvent for animal glues and paper products. It serves as a solvent in the spinning of acrylonitrile copolymers, the polymerization of unsaturated amines, pharmaceutical manufacturing, and the purification of oils and fats. It acts as an intermediate in the synthesis of imidazole, pyrimidine, 1,3,5-triazine, caffeine, theophylline, and theobromine. Furthermore, it serves as a raw material for the production of dyes, fragrances, pigments, adhesives, textile auxiliaries, and paper-treating agents, as well as a precursor for the manufacture of formic acid and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF).

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