Morpholine, also known as morphineline, is a colorless oily liquid at room temperature. Melting point -4.76℃, boiling point 128.3℃. Density 1.0005g/cm3 (20℃). Refractive index 1.4548. Flash point 38℃ (open cup). Miscible with water, acetone, benzene, ether, alcohol, ethylene glycol, linseed oil, turpentine, and castor oil. Hygroscopic and ammonia odor. It can be prepared by dehydration and cyclization of diethanolamine with sulfuric acid. Industrially, it is mainly produced from diethylene glycol and ammonia under hydrogen conditions and in the presence of catalysts. It is mainly used to make rubber vulcanization accelerators, and is also used in the synthesis of surfactants, textile printing and dyeing auxiliaries, medicines and pesticides. Also used as metal corrosion inhibitor and rust inhibitor. It is also a solvent for dyes, resins, waxes, shellac, casein, etc.

Morpholine contains secondary amine groups and has all the typical reaction characteristics of secondary amine groups. It reacts with inorganic acids to form salts, reacts with organic acids to form salts or amides, and can perform alkylation reactions. It can also react with ethylene oxide, ketones or perform Willgerodt reactions.

It is mainly used in the production of rubber vulcanization accelerators, and is also used in the synthesis of surfactants, textile printing and dyeing auxiliaries, medicines, and pesticides. Morpholine is also used as a catalyst for butadiene polymerization, corrosion inhibitor, and optical bleach. Morpholine is also a solvent for dyes, resins, waxes, early glue, casein, etc. Salts of morpholine are also widely used. Morpholine hydrochloride and the like are intermediates in organic synthesis; morpholine fatty acid salts can be used as coating agents on the skin of fruits or melons and vegetables, which can appropriately inhibit basal respiration and prevent moisture. volatilization and epidermal atrophy.

Due to the unique chemical properties of morpholine, it has become one of the fine petrochemical products with important commercial uses. It can be used to prepare rubber vulcanization accelerators, rust inhibitors, anti-corrosion agents, and cleaning agents such as NOBS, DTOS, and MDS. , descaling agents, analgesics, local anesthetics, sedatives, respiratory and vascular stimulants, surfactants, optical bleaches, fruit preservatives, textile printing and dyeing auxiliaries, etc., in rubber, medicine, pesticides, dyes, coatings and other industries It has a wide range of uses. In medicine, it is used in the production of many important drugs such as morpholinoguine, virospirin, ibuprofen, aphrodisiac, naproxen, dichloraniline, and sodium phenylacetate.

Morpholine Chemical Properties
Melting point -7–5 °C (lit.)
Boiling point 126.0-130.0 °C 129 °C (lit.)
density 0.996 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
vapor density 3 (vs air)
vapor pressure 31 mm Hg ( 38 °C)
refractive index n20/D 1.454(lit.)
Fp 96 °F
storage temp. Store below +30°C.
solubility water: miscible
form Liquid
pka 8.33(at 25℃)
color APHA: ≤15
Specific Gravity 0.996
Odor Characteristic amine-like odor
PH 11.2 (H2O)(undiluted)
explosive limit 1.4-15.2%(V)
Water Solubility MISCIBLE
FreezingPoint -4.9℃
Sensitive Hygroscopic
Merck 14,6277
BRN 102549
Dielectric constant 7.3（25℃）

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