Propylene oxide

CAS 75-56-9

Molecular formula C3H6O;

Molar mass 58.08;

EINECS No. 200-879-2.

Melting point -112°C;

Boiling point 34°C (lit.);

Density 0.83 g/mL at 25°C (lit.);

Vapor density 2 (vs. air);

Vapor pressure 29.43 psi (55°C);

Refractive index n20/D 1.366 (lit.);

Flash point −35°F; Storage conditions 2-8°C;

Propylene oxide serves as an excellent low-boiling solvent and a raw material for organic synthesis; it is used to produce propylene glycol, glycerol, dipropylene glycol, polyester resins, plastic foams, and surfactants. It also functions as a solvent for cellulose acetate, cellulose nitrate, and various resins. Its reaction with ammonia yields isopropanolamines (monoisopropanolamine, diisopropanolamine, and triisopropanolamine); these are alkaline and capable of absorbing acidic gases, making them widely used in gas purification processes—such as desulfurization and carbon dioxide removal—within the synthetic ammonia industry. The breakdown of propylene oxide consumption by application is as follows: polyether polyols (the primary raw material for polyurethane foams) account for 60%; propylene glycol (a raw material for unsaturated polyester resins) accounts for 8%–10%; reinforced plastics and non-toxic solvents account for 20%–25%; and surfactants account for 5%–10%.

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