Properties of Pyridine

CAS No. 110-86-1;

Molecular Formula C5H5N;

Molecular Weight 79.1;

EINECS No. 203-809-9

Melting point -42°C (lit.)

Boiling point 115°C (lit.)

Density 0.978 g/mL at 25°C (lit.)

Vapor density 2.72 (vs. air)

Vapor pressure 23.8 mmHg (25°C)

Refractive index n20/D 1.509 (lit.)

Flash point: 68°F;

Storage conditions: Store at +5°C to +30°C;

Solubility: Soluble in H2O;

Acidity constant (pKa): 5.25 (at 25°C);

Form: Liquid;

Color: Colorless.

As a key nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound, pyridine finds widespread application in fields such as photocatalysis and optoelectronic devices. In medicinal chemistry, the pyridine ring frequently serves as a core structural scaffold for drugs. Current methods for the deuteration of pyridine primarily rely on metal catalysts—such as Pd, Rh, Ir, Ru, and Ni—to facilitate hydrogen isotope exchange (HIE) at the α-position, while HIE at other positions is rarely addressed. Many pyridine derivatives are significant, serving as pharmaceuticals or as vital components of vitamins and enzymes. For instance, the amide of pyridine-3-carboxylic acid (nicotinamide) combines with adenine, ribose, and phosphate to form a crucial dinucleotide within coenzyme I. Isoniazid, a pyridine derivative, is an oral anti-tuberculosis drug, while 2-methyl-5-vinylpyridine serves as an important raw material for synthetic rubber. Beyond its use as a solvent, pyridine is employed industrially as a denaturant and dyeing auxiliary, as well as a starting material for synthesizing a wide range of products, including pharmaceuticals, disinfectants, dyes, food flavorings, adhesives, and explosives.

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